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- E M M Y N O E T H E R - German mathematician - E M M Y N O E T H E R - German mathematician Emmy Noether was not less than the world leader in the twentieth-century development of modern algebra. With her new way of thinking mathematics, she changed abstract algebra profoundly and the findings, discovered and formulated by her (like Noether normalization lemma, Noether problem, Noether’s theorem, … just to list some) are basics of modern physics and math. Being born in a well situated Jewish family, gave her wings and boundaries at the same time. Her father was a mathematician and a professor at Erlangen and knew about the importance of education. At first Emmy took the normal educational path, that was offered for her as a woman, but she didn’t stop, where she should have. With the financial support of her family she went on but she had to fight constantly. Being a women and Jewish and a liberal set boundaries, that didn’t care about her brilliant mind. She started to sit in courses at the University of Erlangen during 1900 to 1902. „Sitting in“ means she was not allowed to register as a student and needed permission by every lecturer to be able to listen to him. In 1907 she was granted a doctorate. The normal progression would have been the habilitation - a route closed for women at that time. She started to give lectures (unpaid and not under her own name), was 1919 finally able to habilitate and got from 1922 a position as „außerordentlicher Professor“ this was the very first position, in that she got payed for her work at all. Until then she had lived on what was left of her families fortune. With the rise of Hitler in 1933 Emmy was dismissed from her position as Außerordentliche Professor at Göttingen and emigrated into the US. She continued her work at Bryn Mawr Colleague and died unexpectedly in 1935 from complications following a surgery. #The100DayProject #100DaysOfFemaleHistory #HerStory #WomansHistory @saskia_diederichsen
- H E N R I E T T A S W A N L E A V I T T - Amer - H E N R I E T T A S W A N L E A V I T T - American astronomer A second astronomer in a row? Come on, it’s getting boring, you might think. Here is the spoiler: it gets even more exiting. Because: Henrietta Swan Leavitt is the woman who unlocked the universe. Henrietta worked at the Harvard Observatory for a project to photograph the entire night sky and catalogue its stars. The work at the telescopes was only carried out by men, the task for women was to look at the photographs and classifying the stars’ spectra, measuring their brightness and cataloguing them. They were payed 25 cents/hour, which summed up to 1.500 Dollars a year (just for the record: men’s annual salary was at least 2.500 Dollars). Henrietta did her work with great determination, but, here comes the problem, every good story has: working in the cold night air affected Henriettas hearing, which declined, leaving her nearly deaf. Having sharp eyes & a sharp mind, Henrietta realized a pattern in all the stars she categorized: the brighter the star, the longer its period. This law of „period-luminosity relationship“ gave the universe its third dimension and is used until today to measure distances of galaxies. Up to the beginning of the 20th century, it was standard knowledge, that there is only one galaxy: our milky way. Using Henriettas Law, astronomer Edward Pickering was able to find and measure 23 more galaxies. As quiet, as Henrietta lived her life, she also died of cancer in 1921. Not knowing about her passing, 1925 the Swedish mathematician Gösta Mittag-Leffler wanted to nominate her for the Nobel price. But, as the price is not awarded posthumously, Henrietta never got it. But finally, in 2008, the law she had discovered had it’s name changed from „period-luminosity relationship“ into „LEAVITT’S LAW“. #astronomy #The100DayProject #100DaysOfFemaleHistory #HerStory #WomansHistory @saskia_diederichsen Source: https://www.bbc.com/future/article/20210310-the-star-fiend-who-unlocked-the-universe
- M A R Y S O M E R V I L L E - Scottish astronom - M A R Y S O M E R V I L L E - Scottish astronomer, writer and polymath As she spent only one year getting educated at a boarding school learning the principles of accounting and reading, most of her knowledge and skills she learned by herself: Algebra and Geometry, she discovered Isaac Newtons „Principia“ - and became a very well known and famous autodidact at her time. In 1835 Mary and Carolne Herschel were elected as the first female Honorary Members of the Royal Astronomical Society. And when John Stuart Mill organized a petition to Parliament about giving women the right to vote, hers was the first signature on the petition. In 1836 Mary found difficulties in calculating the position of Uranus and reasoned that this may point to the existence of an undiscovered planet. The British astronomer John Couch Adams took this hint and started calculations that ultimately led to the discovery of a new planet. And this one was called Neptune. Although she lost against the Roman god, when the name of the planet she helped to discover, the list of places and objects, carrying her name is pretty impressive: there is - the Somerville College in Oxford
 - Somerville Island 
- asteroid Somerville (5771)
 - crater of the moon (see Hildergard von Bingen)
 - her portrait is on a 10 Pound note of the Royal Bank of Scotland 
- and of course different streets #somerville #astronomy #The100DayProject #100DaysOfFemaleHistory #HerStory #WomansHistory @saskia_diederichsen
- D O R O T H E A E R X L E B E N - First German - D O R O T H E A E R X L E B E N - First German female physician with a doctors degree Having a father, who believed that too many gifted women’s talents were being rated in the kitchen, Dorothea got the same education as her brother. Being bright and clever, she went on to study medicine at the University in Halle. At that time, woman had to receive special permission to attend university, so once more her father supported her and petitioned King Frederick the Great of Prussia to allow her entry. Getting married, becoming a stepmother of five children and becoming a mom of another four, the speed of Dorothea studies slowed down (I wonder why…), but she still worked as a physician and even took over the medical practice of her father after he had died. A patient, who died during her treatment, caused other physicians to take her to court - which the 39 year old back then answered with catching up with her conferral of a doctorate, becoming the first female physician with a doctors degree in Germany. It took another 150 years for the next woman to follow. If you happen to be in Quedlinburg/Germany, go and have a look into her house of birth (and death as well). #The100DayProject #100DaysOfFemaleHistory #HerStory #WomansHistory #portrait #dorotheaerxleben #femalephysicians @saskia_diederichsen Source: https://frauenorte.net/frauenorte/geburts-und-sterbehaus-dorothea-erxleben-in-quedlinburg/
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